Review of Beamloading and Compensation in Synchrotrons
نویسنده
چکیده
Longitudinal focusing and acceleration are performed by RF electric fields in cavity resonators. The topic of “Beam Loading” denotes all the phenomena encompassed by “the cavity is driven by two current sources: (i) the generator and (ii) the beam”. One attempts to control the beam using the generator components; but our ability to control the generator’s effect is compromised by strong perturbations from the beam. The longitudinal emittance and ellipse aspect ratio, and acceleration rate, dictates the voltage per turn. Qualitatively, the system follows demand values when the generator current is greater than the beam current component. If this ideal beam-load ratio (Ig/Ib 1) is not possible, then compensation is required. The range of “beam loading” phenomena includes: steady-state phase and amplitude shift of voltage due to reactive beam-component (compensated by detuning), periodic transients (if empty buckets), injection/accumulation transients, coupled-bunch instabilities (due to fundamental and HOMs), and power-limited (i.e. Robinson) instability. A review [1, 2] of theory and state-of-art applications was given at 7th ICFA Mini-Workshop held at KEK–Tanashi in February 1998. There was also some reporting [3] of phenomena at 9th ICFA Mini-Workshop held in Geneva. I shall speak about developments in three areas after the 1998 workshop.
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